<p>Skull Valley, is a 40 mi long valley located in east Tooele County, Utah, United States at the southwest of the Great Salt Lake. The valley trends north–south, but turns slightly northeast to meet Stansbury Bay, .</p><br>
<p>Skull Valley&#39;s south and southwest borders the southeast Great Salt Lake Desert at Dugway and at a ridgeline southeast from the Cedar Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Skull Valley Indian Reservation is located in the valley&#39;s south at the southwest foothills of the Stansbury Mountains; adjacent southeast, the valley narrows between the Stansbury Mountains, and the Cedar Mountains at west, a region of creeks from the Stansburys and valley springs, Willow Patch Springs and Scribner Spring. Creeks and springs from the northwest Onaqui Mountains also feed the southeast valley region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Skull Valley trends north–south, but narrows slightly northeast towards Stansbury Bay; the Lakeside Mountains at Delle, and the northwest Stansbury Mountains at Timpie form the narrowing of the valley; Skull Valley and sections of the mountain ranges form the Great Salt Lake&#39;s southwest border.</p><br>
<p>Skull Valley narrows southeastwards at the springs, as described. Bordering southwest here, is a southeast trending 16 mi long ridgeline from the west perimeter Cedar Mountains, which separates the Dugway Proving Grounds and the Great Salt Lake Desert region from the southwest Skull Valley.</p><br>
<p>The center of the valley is adjacent west of Iosepa. A dissected region of sinks and floodland from neighboring washes and creeks form this valley center; this dissected floodland area is about 4 mi at its widest southwest of Iosepa, and extends 7 mi northwards towards the beginning of areas of salt flats, associated with the Great Salt Lake.</p><br>
<p>Johannes Eberly House, also known as the Old Bricker House or the McCormick House, is a historic home located at Hampden Township in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1794 and 1798, and is a 2 1/2-story, fieldstone building with a gable roof, four bays wide. Its architecture suggests a transition from Georgian to Federal style, with a combination of Dutch-German and English building styles. Its builder, Martin Rupp, also built Peace Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Johannes Eberly House is also notable for being the site of the Skirmish of Sporting Hill, the northernmost engagement of Robert E. Lee&#39;s Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Dykemans Spring, also known as Ainsworth Fish Farm and Asper Tract, is a historic fish farm located at Shippensburg in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The property has two contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and one contributing structure. They are the Dykeman manor house , hatch house , the engineered structure of two connected ponds, and Dykemans spring and two archaeological sites. The Dykeman manor house was originally built about 1855, and remodeled and enlarged in the Italian Villa style in 1871. It is a 2 1/2-story, brick dwelling, 5-bays wide and 4-bays deep, on a limestone foundation. It features a hipped roof topped by six foot square cupola. The hatch house is a two-story limestone building measuring 31 feet wide by 36 feet deep. The trout hatchery opened in 1871.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Dykeman Park is a 50-acre municipal park that includes Dykeman&#39;s Spring. The park includes the buildings, pond, a wetlands nature trail, picnic facilities, walking trails, and a baseball/softball field.</p><br>
<p>The Christopher C. Layman Law Office is a historic commercial building in the village of Woodville in the northern part of the USA state of Ohio. Built in the late nineteenth century, it has been used for multiple purposes, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>A native of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland, Christopher Layman settled in Ohio in 1847 at the age of two. Throughout the Civil War, he fought in the Army of the Tennessee; after discharge in 1865, he enrolled at the University of Michigan Law School. Following his graduation, he practiced law in Michigan for a time before beginning practice in Columbus, Ohio in 1882. Before long, he moved to Woodville, where he opened the village&#39;s first law firm in 1884. After six years of practicing, he arranged for the erection of the current structure.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1890 in the Italianate style of architecture, Rather than the grand construction found in many Italianate buildings, the Layman Law Office is a modest commercial structure. Here Layman fulfilled many responsibilities: besides serving as the village&#39;s first lawyer, he held office as a justice of the peace and became an agent for multiple insurance companies.</p><br>
<p>Upon Layman&#39;s death, his will specified that the property be devised to the local public school district. Since that time, it has reverted to its original use; the office is used by John S. Spore and Associates, a law firm. In 1986, the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architectural significance and because of its connection to Layman, who was considered a leading local citizen.</p><br>
<p>The Born Lakes are a chain of eleven alpine and glacial Paternoster lakes in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lakes are located on the upper portion of the Warm Springs Creek watershed, a tributary of the Salmon River. The Born Lakes surrounded by Patterson, Blackmon, and Lonesome Lake Peaks. Sawtooth National Forest trail 671 leads to the lakes. The individual lakes do have official names, and many of them have partially or nearly completely filled in with sediment.</p><br>
<h2>Proper name</h2><br>
<p>The Born Lakes have been known by various names including: Boone Lakes, Born lakes, and Boorn Lakes. In 1964, the United States Board on Geographical Names proposed that the name "Born Lakes" should be established as the official name. However, in 2009, James Ridenour of Spokane Valley, Washington, submitted a proposal to correct the spelling of "Born Lakes" to "Boorn Lakes", to restore the spelling that appeared on early Federal maps and to properly recognize the intended honoree — Samuel S. Boorn (ca.1840-ca.1900), who staked the first mining claim in Custer County. The name "Boorn Lakes" became official in August 2009. Despite this official name change, the name "Born Lakes" continues to appear on most maps of the region.</p><br>
<p>The Utkeagvik Church Manse, also known as the Utkeagvik Presbyterian Church Manse and The Pastor&#39;s House, is a historic church parsonage at 1268 Church Street in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. It is a two story wood frame gambrel-roofed Dutch Colonial, and is distinctive as the only building of this style in Utqiaġvik. Built in 1930, it was also the first two-story building in the community, and the first to be built from a kit, a building method later widely adopted in Arctic Alaska. The kit was configured in Seattle, Washington, shipped by freighter to Utqiaġvik, and assembled by local Native Alaskan workers under the supervision of Dr. Henry Greist. Its construction was funded by the USA Presbyterian Board of Missions. Dr. Greist was for many years a pillar of the local community, who operated an outpatient medical clinic from this building. Geist was a medical doctor and Presbyterian minister who served the people of Utqiaġvik and the surrounding areas from 1921 to 1936.</p><br>
<p>The manse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Old Mission House was a historic Episcopal church mission house in Fort Yukon, Alaska. It was constructed in 1925 as part of a Native American mission. It was the third mission house built on the site, nearly duplicating one built in 1914 and destroyed by fire. The house is a 2-1/2 story log structure in an L shape, with interior rooms constructed by frame construction. The building was the center of the religious mission, which provided educational and health services to the local Native population. This building was used as a school, providing boarding space for students from distant areas. In 1957 the building was adapted for use as the medical clinic after the previous clinic building was closed and later torn down.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The building is not standing anymore at its original location. It was located in an area subjected to heavy floods and it is unclear whether it has been destroyed or relocated elsewhere in Fort Yukon.</p><br>
<p>The Bates Park Historic District is located on the north side Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996. It is part of the Towards a Greater Des Moines MPS.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is a part of the larger Bates Addition that forms a part of the River Bend Neighborhood. The focal point of the neighborhood is a park that is surrounded by a residential area. The historic district is situated on a plateau. The area west of the district rises gently toward Sixth Street while the land to the east drops into the Des Moines River floodplain.</p><br>
<p>The buildings in the historic district were constructed in the late 19th and early 20th century. The district contains 23 resources of which 17 are contributing properties. Bates Park is one of the resources, as are 14 single-family homes and two stables that were built originally to house horses and possibly carriages. Some of the houses are moderately expensive and are located facing the park and overlooking the river valley. The more modest homes face one another south of the park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property where the historic district is located is in a large tract of land that was acquired by Des Moines lawyer and journalist Curtis Bates in 1860. He spent the last part of his life managing his real estate holdings. Bates dies in 1879 and the property was largely undeveloped. His widow Sophia had the land platted as the Bates Addition in 1883 and set aside parkland, which state law at the time prevented the Des Moines park commissioners from accepting. It was not until 1900 that she was able to donate the land to the city and Bates Park was dedicated on August 14, 1900. Over the years the park has been improved. A pavilion, wading pool and playground equipment have been added. A grove of elm trees were destroyed in the 1960s by Dutch Elm disease.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Houses in the Bates Park Historic District were built starting in the 1890s and construction was completed in the area by 1920. They are single-family homes that are constructed primarily in the Colonial Revival and American Four Square styles. The middle-class homes on the west side of the park were built first and the more modest dwellings south of the park started to be built soon after. Most of the houses feature little by way of architectural detailing.</p><br>
<p>The Chautauqua Park Historic District is located on the north side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1990. It is part of the Suburban Development in Des Moines Between the World Wars, 1918--1941 MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Chautauqua Park refers to the Chautauqua assembly grounds that occupied the property from 1896 to around the turn of the 20th century. The assembly hall, which was said to hold 3,000 people, was located at the present intersection of Nash Drive and Chautauqua Parkway. Senators Robert La Follette and Jonathan P. Dolliver as well as Booker T. Washington lectured in the pavilion.</p><br>
<p>Des Moines University acquired the property after it was no longer used for Chautauqua gatherings. They planned to build a new campus on the site, but financial problems prevented them carrying out their plans. The school merged with Highland Park College in 1918 and later ceased its operations. In 1923 they decided to develop the roughly 60 acre site as a residential subdivision. Original plans for the subdivision included Douglas Park. The park is 7 acre and features a heavily wooded hillside. The creek that ran through the park is now mostly dry.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Des Moines landscape architect L. Earl Foglesong, who was responsible for the Iowa State Capitol grounds and the Iowa State Fairgrounds, designed Chautauqua Park. Chautauqua Park’s plat features narrow curved roadways that follow the topography of the land. There are no sidewalks in the neighborhood. The district contains 166 properties, of which 118 are houses, 45 are garages and an object (entry posts). Seventy-five houses, 24 garages and the entry posts are contributing properties. The properties that are not contributing were either built after 1941 or have been significantly altered in the years since they were built.</p><br>
<p>Twenty-nine houses were built in the subdivision between 1925 and 1930. Building slowed during the Great Depression when 12 houses were built. Between 1938 and 1941 another 51 houses were built. The houses are generally 1½ stories, constructed of brick and feature intersecting gables. They are primarily Tudor Revival in style. There are also some in a local style of based on the Tudor style known as “Beaverdale Brick.” Because Chautauqua Park was built as a commuter suburb, many of the houses were built with attached garages.</p><br>
<p>There are two entry posts at 13th Street and Chautauqua Parkway that were constructed around 1929. They were constructed of brick with stone trim and concrete gabled tops. Neighborhood donations paid for their construction.</p><br>
<p>The Court Avenue Bridge is an historic structure located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It became a contributing property in the Civic Center Historic District in 1988, and was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1998 as a part of the Highway Bridges of Iowa MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first bridge across the Des Moines River at Court Avenue was a toll bridge that was built from 1857 to 1858 under the direction of architect U.B. White. It was the first permanent bridge over the river in the city of Des Moines. Legislators using the bridge in order to get to the capitol building were given passes. The bridge was composed of four spans with double trusses and double arches. It was replaced in 1870 by a post truss bridge and lasted until at least 1898. The current bridge is believed to be its replacement when it built from 1917 to 1918.</p><br>
<p>The present Court Avenue Bridge is the third of the six current bridges in the Civic Center district to be constructed. The Walnut Street Bridge was built in 1911 and the Locust Street Bridge was built in 1907. Both of the earlier bridges were reconstructed in the 1960s and their original ornamentation was removed at the time. The Court Avenue Bridge was designed by architect James B. Marsh.</p><br>
<p>During a renovation of the bridge in 1982, the bridge deck was replaced and the supporting spans were preserved and rehabilitated. Repairs were made using existing materials and replacement materials were used only when necessary and were matched with the originals as closely as possible. Street lamps with round globes and metal work that reflected the 1910s were added to the bridge in 1986 as a part of a $1.8 million project to refurbish Court Avenue between the bridge and the Polk County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Tel Michal is an archaeological site on Israels central Mediterranean coast, near the modern city of Herzeliya, about 6.5 km north of the Yarkon River estuary and 4 km south of Arsuf-Appolonia. It was excavated between 1977 and 1980 by Zeev Herzog and James Muhly on behalf of Tel Aviv University, yielding remains from the Middle Bronze Age to the Early Arab period.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The archaeological site of Tel Michal covers five hills on the ridge running along the coast, which are composed of lithified wind-blown sediments, an eolianite known locally as kurkar. The highest of these, the actual tell, stands 30m above sea level and is three quarters of an acre in size. It is separated from the other hills by two ravines running to the sea on its north and south. To its north stands another hill, 5 meters lower in altitude. This hill is a rectangular plateau, 250 x 175 meters, bordered on its north by the Gelilot Stream. Three hillocks lie to the northeast, east and southeast of the high mound. The northeastern hillock covers an area of some 2000 m. The two remaining hillocks are smaller and rise to a height of 5 meters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Bronze Age</h3><br>
<p>Stratum XVII of the excavations of Tel Michal reveals that the site was first settled at the end of the Middle Bronze Age IIB (1800/1750–1550 BCE). The first settlers built a 4-m-high raised platform made of alternating layers of red clay and sand on the tel&#39;s high mound. This was supported by a brick retaining wall on the north and a glacis made of sloping layers of sand. Structures were then built on top of the platform, though none were preserved. The site covered approximately one-half to three quarters of an acre at the time, finds from which included local pottery, Cypriot imports, Hyksos scarabs and Egyptian alabaster vessels. It was likely a trading post connected to the Hyksos dynasties that dominated Egypt. This initial settlement was apparently destroyed by tectonic activity.</p><br>
<p>Settlers who arrived at Tel Michal during the Late Bronze Age I (1550–1400 BCE) expanded the area of the high mound by means of a 10m high, 30m wide earth fill, determining its shape to this day. During this period in the site&#39;s habitation, a small fort, commanding the approach from the coast to the ridge, was constructed on the north side of the mound. The strip of sand below the fort would have been an ideal location for traders to anchor or beach their ships. Several dwellings stood south of the fort. Finds from the period include local pottery and Cypriot imports, plus an unusual group of kraters, different from the typical pottery of the period. Possibly the product of the Palestinian or Syrian coast, these were made of coarse material and decorated with horizotal bands or wavy lines in black or black and red, while two displayed horizontal handles.</p><br>
<p>The Late Bronze Age I settlement at Tel Michal was also destroyed, though less violently than its predecessor. It was resettled during the Late Bronze Age II (1400–1200 BCE). Although the new inhabitants expanded the earlier rampart and added a retaining wall at its base, the site remained largely unchanged until the 14th or early 13th centuries BCE when it was again abandoned, perhaps as the result of a decline in international commerce.</p><br>
<h3>Iron Age</h3><br>
<p>Tel Michal remained uninhabited until the 10th century BCE, when the high mound and the three hillocks were settled. Strata XIV and XIII display typical Iron Age dwellings, plus a walled, 10m by 10m open-air cultic structure on the northeastern hillock, a room devoted to cult on the eastern one, and two rectangular structures with benches along the walls on the southeastern hillock. The room on the eastern hillock featured a square eolianite base that may have served as an altar or an offering table, while four chalices and additional vessels were recovered nearby. It appears all three hillocks served as family cultic rooms, the biblical bamot, suggesting a Phoenician population. East of the high mound excavators also found two pairs of long wine presses. The site was once again abandoned in the 10th century and resettled and abandoned once more during the 8th.</p><br>
<h3>Persian period</h3><br>
<p>Tel Michal features six strata (XI-VI) from the Persian period, a testament to the importance of the region to both Phoenician trade and the Persian army. Stratum XI, dated to the late 6th century BCE and early 5th, shows the site was again serving as a way station and trading post. Pottery from the period is characterized by geometric and floral motifs of the East Greek style. On the northern edge of the high mound excavators uncovered a fort, while the rest of the mound features multiple silos, cooking ovens and ash pits. These would suggest that the site was home to a garrison, probably charged with guarding the food stores. Though they would change in character in subsequent phases, structures on the northern edge of the mound would continue to serve as military and administrative headquarters throughout the Persian period.</p><br>
<p>Houses on the southern mound in stratum X (first half of the 5th century BCE) are the first evidence of a permanent settlement. This settlement reached its zenith towards the end of this century and the next, when it covered an area of 1.5 to 2.5 acres. The site also shows evidence of town planning absent in previous phases. A temple stood on the northern hillock, from which dozens of votive figurines were recovered, while another stood on the eastern hillock. Houses on the northern hill are bordered by an industrial quarter featuring several kilns, while two wine presses stood nearby. By the final phase of the Persian period, the high mound also displays a functional division, with its northern edge occupied by a fort, the center by dwellings, and the southern part mostly empty save for a number of silos.</p><br>
<p>The northern hill also contained a cemetery, a section from which, covering no more than a tenth of its estimated area, yielded 120 burials. These were found to be of three distinct types, cist burials, pit graves and infant burials in storage jars. Burial offering were also recovered, including bowls, fibulae, bronze bracelets, iron tools and silver rings. Ze&#39;ev Harzog noted the striking resemblance of this assemblage to similar finds from Kamid el-Loz in Lebanon, also dated to the 4th century BCE.</p><br>
<h3>Hellenistic period</h3><br>
<p>The settlement at Tel Michal was not destroyed during the regions conquest by Alexander the Great, ushering the Hellenistic period, though it appears to have been abandoned by the end of the 4th century BCE. Settlement was renewed shortly thereafter, but was completely different in character. The high mound was dominated by a large fortress, 20 by 25 meters, with a central courtyard. Nearby, excavations uncovered a number of houses and a kiln. The northern hill was not resettled, housing a large wine press instead. The installation contained two collection vats, the larger of which had a capacity of 7,000 liters, suggesting a communal role. The northeastern hillock continued to serve a cultic purpose, housing a courtyard containing an altar, while the eastern hillock housed a round silo. A hoard of 47 silver tetradrachms found near the silo contains coins from the reigns of Ptolemy I through Ptolemy III, dating stratum V to the third century BCE. Stratum IV, uncovered on the high mound, testifies to habitation during Seleucid rule over the region (second century BCE). Seleucid control of the site probably ended with John Hyrcanus (r. 134-104 BCE) conquest of Jaffa.</p><br>
<p>Tel Michal was also occupied during the Hasmonean period. A small fort stood at the center of the high mound, and a small wine press stood 500 meters south of it. Both produced coins from the reign of Alexander Jannaeus. Tel Michal was probably a part of the defensive line of fortifications established by Jannaeus along the Yarkon river, described by Josephus.</p><br>
<h3>Roman period</h3><br>
<p>A large fortress, 31 by 38 meters, once again stood at the site during the Roman period. Erected on foundations of coarse eolianite, the superstructure was built of dressed eolianite stones laid in headers. The entrance to the fortress stood on its northern side, while in the center of its inner courtyard stood a tower which may have served as a lighthouse at night. Coins recovered at the site come from the reign of prefects Marcus Ambibulus, Valerius Gratus, Pontius Pilate and King Agrippa I, dating the fortress to 10 – 50 CE. The only fortress of its kind found along Israel&#39;s Mediterranean coast,</p><br>
<p>it served as a base and anchorage for the Roman army. Its remains are the most prominent feature of present-day Tel Michal.</p><br>
<h3>Early Arab period</h3><br>
<p>The final phase of habitation at Tel Michal, stratum I, features a small watchtower built on top of the high mound. Sherds of Khirbat al-Mafjar ware and plaster decorated with geometric designs date the tower to the Abbasid period. By the late Roman period, Tel Michal had been eclipsed by the nearby city of Apollonia, and a gap of 700 years formed between the Roman layer and the site&#39;s final phase, dated to 8th and 9th centuries CE. Built on a foundation of concrete and stone blocks, the tower was probably part of an early warning network against enemy ships mentioned by Arab geographer Al-Muqaddasi.</p><br>
<h2>Research history</h2><br>
<p>Tel Michal was first surveyed by Jacob Ory, an inspector for the British Mandate Department of Antiquities, in 1922. Ory noted that the surrounding area appears on Survey of Western Palestine maps as "Khirbet Makmish". Suspecting the site to be connected to nearby Apollonia, Ory relied on a bilingual inscription from Cyprus identifying Apollo-Amyklos with Reshef-Mekal and proposed that the ancient name of the site had been Amyklos-Mekal. The suffix "ish" was later added to Mekal, which was then distorted from Mekalish to Makmish. In 1959, the Israeli Government Names Committee accordingly named it Tel Michal, although no etymological connection between Mekal and the Hebrew name Michal has been established.</p><br>
<p>The site was again excavated by Ory in 1940 and by R.W. Hamilton in 1944. Between 1958 and 1960, archaeologist Nahman Avigad conducted a salvage excavation at the northern hill on behalf of the Eretz Israel Museum and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Tel Michal was excavated again during four seasons from 1977 to 1980 under Ze&#39;ev Herzog and James Muhly, as part of a regional project to explore the western Yarkon River basin. Besides the Institute of Archaeology at Tel Aviv, participating institutions included the University of Minnesota Duluth, Brigham Young University, the University of Pennsylvania, the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary, Hamline University, the Central Michigan University and Macquarie University of North Ryde, Australia. Zeev Herzog conducted another salvage excavation at the site in 1982 after tractors uncovered remains of plastered structures east of the high mound, revealing four Iron Age wine presses.</p><br>
<h3>1979/80 Seasons</h3><br>
<p>The hole was a standard 10 x 10 grid and was excavated to a depth of around 7 meters. At around 4 meters the sand changed to earthworks. Further excavation indicated that several construction levels were present, as seen by the colour changes in the strata.</p><br>
<p>The hole was later extended into a trench using a bulldozer, which verified at least two distinct platforms from different periods.</p><br>
<p>The Georg Cronenwett House is a historic residence in the village of Woodville, Ohio, United States. Located along Main Street on the village&#39;s western side, the house has been designated a historic site because of its historic architecture and because of a famous former resident.</p><br>
<p>Born in the town of Langensteinbach in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Georg Cronenwett settled in the United States in 1832 at the age of eighteen. After nine years of life in Monroe, Michigan, he moved to Woodville at the end of 1841. Throughout this time, Cronenwett was a prominent Lutheran missionary in the Great Black Swamp region of northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan. In Woodville, he established his center of operations; among the organizations that he founded in the area were a church school and the Woodville Seminary.</p><br>
<p>Cronenwett arranged for the construction of the present house in 1858. Some parts are older than others; Cronenwett&#39;s original house was only the center of the current structure. This original portion is three bays wide and entered through a recessed main entrance on one side. The house was the first Woodville building to be erected as a parsonage.</p><br>
<p>In late 1978, the Georg Cronenwett House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for this designation in two different ways: its architecture was deemed of historic significance, and Cronenwett was such an important member of the community&#39;s history that the house qualified because of its connection to him. More than seven years later, one other Fremont building joined the Cronenwett House on the National Register: the Christopher C. Layman Law Office, an Italianate building on First Street.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph and Rachel Bartlett House is a historic residence in the city of Fremont, Ohio, United States. Built in 1872, it is one of the city&#39;s more prominent examples of high-style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Born near Tiffin, Ohio in 1830, Joseph R. Bartlett moved to Lower Sandusky (now Fremont) in 1833 with his family. After reading law under his father, young Bartlett entered the legal profession and soon became one of Sandusky County&#39;s leading citizens. By the early 1870s, he and his wife Rachel had become sufficiently prosperous to erect a grand house on Park Avenue south of the Sandusky County Courthouse. Choosing limestone for the foundation, weatherboarding for the walls, and an asphalt roof, the Bartletts arranged for the construction of an ornate house that mixed elements of the Italianate and Second Empire styles of architecture. Many distinctive architectural elements characterize their house, including peaked dormers on the mansard roof, a large tower on one corner, ornate carvings on the porch, detailed hood molding, and an elaborate set of carvings and plaster work on the interior. Even the doorways are distinctive: few Fremont houses feature an entrance through a corner tower in the manner of the Bartlett House.</p><br>
<p>After the Bartletts moved out of the house, it was used by multiple other parties; among the most prominent occupants were Sardis and Margaret Cole and the First United Methodist Church, and it is now used as offices by a local lawyer, Jim Ellis. In 1990, the Bartlett House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Among the most important elements of its design is the general style: the majority of houses in the city are contemporary with the Bartlett House, but they are generally smaller vernacular buildings; the architect-designed high style of the Bartlett House presents a strong contrast to the typical Fremont residence. Among the exceptions to this pattern is the Frederick Fabing House; located across the street from the Bartlett House, it features an even more distinctive Second Empire facade.</p><br>
<p>Golden Bay / Mohua is a shallow, paraboloid shaped bay in New Zealand, near the northern tip of the South Island. An arm of the Tasman Sea, the bay lies northwest of Tasman Bay and Cook Strait. It is protected in the north by Farewell Spit, a 26 km long arm of fine golden sand which is the country&#39;s longest sandspit. The Aorere and Takaka Rivers flow into the bay from the south.</p><br>
<p>It is located in the Tasman Region, one of the territorial authorities of New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The bay was once a resting area for migrating whales and dolphins such as southern right whales and humpback whales, and pygmy blue whales may be observed off the bay as well.</p><br>
<p>The west and northern regions of the bay are largely unpopulated. Along its southern coast are the towns of Takaka and Collingwood, and also the Abel Tasman National Park. Separation Point, the natural boundary between Golden and Tasman Bays is situated within the park. Basal part of the spit approaches to the North West Nelson National Park.</p><br>
<p>It is known for being a popular tourist destination, because of its good weather and relaxed, friendly lifestyle. Its beaches like Tata Beach are popular locations for retirees and holiday-homes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Māori lived along the shores of Golden Bay from at least 1450, which is the earliest dated archaeological evidence (from carbon dating) yet found. In 2010 an extensive scientific study was made of Golden Bay by a team from Otago University led by Ian Barber. They accurately plotted and investigated a large number of early Māori sites ranging from pā to kainga to probable kumara gardens that stretch along the coastal arc from the base of Farewell Spit at Triangle Flat, 60 km eastwards to a pā site 10 km east of Separation Point.</p><br>
<p>The iwi who occupied this area in 1642 were the Ngati Tumatakokiri from the North Island.</p><br>
<p>Dutch explorer Abel Tasman anchored in this bay in 1642. Ngati Tumatakokiri rammed the Dutch ships cockboat with a waka and four Dutch seamen were killed by Māori, prompting Tasman to name it Moordenaars Bay (Murderers Bay). Archeological research has shown the Dutch had tried to land at a major agricultural area, which the Māori may have been trying to protect. Barber postulated that the iwi may have been insecure in their control of the bay and its resources because of their own relatively recent arrival.</p><br>
<p>Little is known of the history of Ngati Tumatakokiri people as they were extinguished by a Māori invasion during the Musket Wars about 1823.</p><br>
<p>In 1642 Tasman saw at least 22 waka. He recorded that of the 11 waka that chased his ship, most had 17 men on board. This gives a total of about 200 men, with a likely population of about 500 people. Tasman had already been in the bay five days when attacked giving the Māori time to assemble an attack force.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence has not shown any large settlements so it is likely that the iwi normally lived in whanau based groups scattered along the coast but mainly in the eastern bay at Ligar Beach, Tata Beach and Wainui Bay where there are 20 known archaeological sites in a 10 km zone.</p><br>
<p>In 1770, during his first voyage, English explorer James Cook included the bay as part of Blind Bay, but upon his second voyage to the bay in 1773 realised that it was in fact the location of Murderers Bay. The French explorer Jules Dumont d&#39;Urville appears to have changed the name to Massacre Bay.</p><br>
<p>European settlement commenced in October 1842 with the Lovell family settling at Motupipi near the then existing Māori pa site. Prior to the Lovell&#39;s settling, in March of that year a Mr Tuckett had discovered coal on the beach near the Motupipi pa. There was a report from May 1841, which also stated there was coal in the area. In the 1840s, following the discoveries, the local population unsuccessfully sought to have it renamed Coal Bay. Then, in the late 1850s, with the discovery of gold in at Aorere, its name was changed to Golden Bay.</p><br>
<p>In December 2011 the bay, as well as much of the Nelson/Tasman region, was hit by heavy rain and flooding. This affected many homes around the Pohara/Ligar Bay/Tata Beach/Wainui area. The road to Totaranui, a popular isolated tourist destination in Tasman Bay, was badly damaged and was reopened on 29 June 2012.</p><br>
<p>In August 2014, the name of the bay was officially altered to Golden Bay / Mohua.</p><br>
<p>Mount Cobbler is a mountain located in the Alpine National Park to the east of Mansfield in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. Its summit rises to 1,628 m above sea level. The peak and surrounding Cobbler land system are composed of sedimentary rocks , dating to the Lower Carboniferous period, some 359 to 318 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Nearby Lake Cobbler, which has a camping area, is accessible by a four-wheel drive track. The 5 km walk to the summit is moderate to steep. Surrounding peaks include Mount Typo to the north-east, Mount Koonika and Mount Speculation to the south-east, and Mount Stirling to the south-west.</p><br>
<p>Tree species occurring on the surrounding plateau include Mountain Gum (Eucalyptus dalrympleana), Snow Gum (E. pauciflora) and Broad-leaved Peppermint (E. dives). Heathland, shrubland and patches of herbfield are found on the rocky escarpments, with species including Alpine Shaggy-pea (Podolobium alpestre) and Mountain Beard-heath (Acrothamnus hookeri).</p><br>
<p>Annual rainfall ranges between 1,250 -, with snowfalls regularly experienced in winter.</p><br>
<p>St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church, Guild Hall and Vicarage is a historic Episcopal church complex in Oconto, Wisconsin, with its buildings in architectural styles popular when they were constructed. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1985 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>St. Mark&#39;s church is a Neogothic-styled building designed by A.H. James of Kansas City and built in 1900. It has walls of limestone with low buttresses on the south side. The front gable end features an apsidiole at the center at ground level, with a rose window above that and above that on the ridge a stone cross. The main entrance is through a large square corner tower. Inside, the church has a hammerbeam ceiling. The interior was redecorated in 1911, with a maple reredos, a high altar, carved lectern, pulpit and pews. A wood screen was also added, topped with a depiction of the Crucifixion carved by the Lang family of Oberammergau.</p><br>
<p>The frame "Guild Hall" north of the current church building was built in 1866-67 across the street by the first Methodist congregation in Oconto. Typical of that period, its style is Greek Revival, with returned cornices and tall windows. In 1894 St. Marks bought the building and moved it to their site to replace their original building. Only six years later, St. Marks had outgrown it and built their current church, eventually converting the old church to a social hall. At this point, St. Mark&#39;s Guild Hall is the oldest surviving church building in Oconto.</p><br>
<p>What is now called the vicarage, north of the guild hall, was built in 1871 by lumberman Edward Fizgerald as his home. Over the years the house was expanded, including bay windows by later owner Edward Davis, a clothes merchant. St. Mark&#39;s acquired the building in 1913. Today the building is an interesting combination, with the half-turret bay window and siding suggesting Queen Anne style, but the jerkin gables and fine spindles on the porch suggesting other styles.</p><br>
<p>The Pandoras Pass, also Brennans Gap and Pandora&#39;s Pass is a mountain pass across the Warrumbungle Range, a spur off the Great Dividing Range, located in the Coolah Tops National Park in northwestern New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>At an altitude of 788 m above sea level, the pass provides a passage between and in the southwest and and the Liverpool Plains in the north.</p><br>
<p>The area was first explored by Europeans in 1823 by the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham. He discovered the pass on 9 June 1823 after searching for approximately 50 mi from an easterly direction. The pass allowed an easy passage through the mountain range to the Liverpool Plains on the northern side of the mountain range. The exploration journey commenced from Bathurst in April 1823.</p><br>
<p>Today the pass is a lightly used gravel road with the main traffic through the mountain range passing through other routes, such as the New England Highway to the east and the Black Stump Way to the west.</p><br>
<h2>European discovery</h2><br>
<p>After receiving Governor Brisbane&#39;s approval for the exploration Cunningham left Sydney on 31 March 1823, crossing the Nepean River on his way to Bathurst. Arriving at Bathurst he made final preparations for the journey and departed north on 15 April. He took with him five servants and "five strong packhorses" to carry their provisions. Cunninhams party passed through Dabee, now known as Rylstone, reaching the Goulburn River on 6 May 1823. Now the southern edge of the Liverpool Range was only 15 mi to the north and he proceeded there. He reached Mount Macarthur (now Mount Moan) Cunningham now sought a passage through the range and decided to move east along the bottom of the range. After realising the range was becoming more difficult he "halted on the verge of a perpendicular ravine, being unable to advance another mile to the eastward by reason of the sharp water gullies between which lay steep ravines". He returned to Mount Moan, the fruitless journey east costing three weeks and three days. They proceeded north west again searching for a passage through the Liverpool Range. After a further six days Cunningham decided to mount the western range and take his bearings. The view he obtained filled him with delight; for, on looking round him and tracing the line of the main northern range, he saw a considerable depression in the range, and writes: "it was a very low back in the main ridge distant about 3 mi, and although limited, afforded me a clear view of the open plains north of this extensive barrier."</p><br>
<p>Cunningham named the pass Pandoras Pass, (now also known as Brennans Gap) and that he "believed it would become the great route of communication between Bathurst and Hunter River and the Liverpool Plains." He returned via present day Mudgee to the town of Bathurst arriving there on 27 June 1823 after an arduous eleven weeks travelling.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>In his diary Cunningham described the difficulties and many privations of finding this pass, and he says and in spite of these little evils - a hope at the bottom, he then names it Pandoras Pass. This is a reference to the Greek myth of Pandora&#39;s box, this myth refers to a vessel which contained all the evils of the world. When Pandora opened the jar, all its contents except for one item were released into the world. The one remaining item was hope.</p><br>
<h3>Cunningham's diary</h3><br>
<p>The following memorandum, written on parchment, was enclosed in a bottle, and buried under a marked tree in the Pandora Pass:</p><br>
<p>Connellsville Union Passenger Depot, also known as the Connellsville Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Station, is a historic railway station located at Connellsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1911 and 1912 by the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and Western Maryland Railroad. It is a 1 1/2-story, rectangular brick building measuring 109 feet by 28 feet. It features a three-story tower, wide overhanging eaves, and hipped roofs on the building and tower covered in blue-green Spanish terra cotta tiles. It is in an American Craftsman style of architecture. It ceased use as a passenger station in 1939, after which it housed a car dealership and auto parts store. It was purchased by the Youghiogheny Opalescent Glass Company in the spring of 1995.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Lawshall Hall is a Grade II* listed building, re-built in 1557, that is located in the parish of Lawshall in Suffolk. The Hall is adjacent to All Saints Church and is very close to the centre of the village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original manor house on the site of Lawshall Hall dates from at least the eleventh century when it belonged to Ramsey Abbey at Ramsey. An agreement was drawn up between the Abbot of Ramsey and William Herberd in 1269 that required Herberd to provide for the widow of Alexander Hemning, the tenant of Lawshall Hall, and her two sons. Herberd was to "maintain the sons and land in as good or better state than when he first had access to the wife of Alexander".</p><br>
<p>After the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1534 the Manor of Lawshall, including Lawshall Hall, was granted to John Rither for 13 years and then in 1547 was sold to Sir William Drury. The Drurys of Hawstead were a very important family in the district and over the years several members of the family had distinguished connections with the Royal Family. It is possible that these connections brought about the visit of Queen Elizabeth I to Lawshall in 1578.</p><br>
<p>Queen Elizabeth I visited Henry Drury at Lawshall Hall during her "Royal Progress" tour in August 1578. The Lawshall parish register records that:</p><br>
<p>The queen was met with an impressive welcoming committee led by the High Sheriff of Suffolk, Sir William Spring:</p><br>
<p>For the small village of Lawshall, this would have indeed been a day to remember. The preparations at Lawshall were made by Richard Conysbie, Extraordinary Gentleman Usher who was not on the regular staff. He must have been in attendance on other duties and assembled a nine-man team to provide some temporary help for the two regular ushers.</p><br>
<p>Henry Drury entertained and fed her entourage at lunch, after which the queen asked that he pledge his loyalty to the throne, denounce his faith, and acknowledge the crown as the spiritual head of the church. Henry Drury would have certainly pledged his life to defend the queen, but would not renounce his church, and was arrested on the spot. When Elizabeth called next on his nephew Sir William Drury that evening at Hawstead Place, Hawstead, Sir William converted and thus secured his politically correct position with the crown. In contrast, Henry was imprisoned for six months, and was in prison off and on for the next three years.</p><br>
<p>The hall was much larger than it is today with the Hearth Tax Return of 1674 listing the property as having 14 hearths.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Lawshall Hall is a mid sixteenth century red brick house with some blue brick diapering, built on a T shaped plan, with the older wing extending north-west. The house may have been part of an old monastery and has massive brick walls approximately 6 feet thick in places. Part of the original wall is apparent at the north-west end of the front wing, with 2 small stone framed windows and a Tudor arched doorway. The house has been greatly altered and was refronted on the south-west elevation in the nineteenth century with 3 window range of double-hung sashes. The north-east wing has some original mullioned and transomed windows but has been partly blocked. The roof was tiled in the twentieth century. The house is dated 1557 with the arms of the Drury&#39;s.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history and present day</h2><br>
<p>Lawshall Hall has stood empty since the 1950s and has been defined as ‘at risk’ by English Heritage on their Heritage at Risk Register. For many years the hall was part of a working farmyard but most of the farm buildings have now been removed.</p><br>
<p>Lawshall Hall, standing in 53 acres of grounds, woodland and farmland, is currently the subject of a major restoration scheme which will restore the building to residential use and safeguard the heritage of this important building.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>A tunnel is said to have run from Lawshall Hall to the 16th century Coldham Hall in Stanningfield, a mile to the north. This mansion was built in 1574 by Robert Rookwood, whose son Ambrose Rookwood was a co-conspirator with Guy Fawkes.</p><br>
<p>The Berkeley River is a river in the Kimberley of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river flows for 135 km to the Timor Sea via the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf near Reveley Island and Cape St Lambert.</p><br>
<p>The river rises from the Tadrida Scarp and flows in a north-easterly direction through the Drysdale River National Park and the Oombulgarri Indigenous Reserve before discharging into the Timor Sea. The river has two tributaries, the De Lancourt River and Casuarina Creek.</p><br>
<p>The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Miwa people.</p><br>
<p>The river was named in 1911 by the explorer Charles Price Conigrave, the first European to discover the river. He named the river after his brother Berkeley Fairfax Conigrave.</p><br>
<p>It is regularly visited by Ocean Dream Charters while on Kimberley coastal cruises.</p><br>
<p>The Mull Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge in the northwestern portion of the USA state of Ohio. Built in the middle of the nineteenth century, it is located near Burgoon in Sandusky County. Although it is no longer used to facilitate transportation, the bridge has been preserved and is now a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1851, Amos Mull owned a sawmill along the east branch of Wolf Creek in Ballville Township but had a significant problem: the stream hindered potential customers. After he petitioned the Sandusky County Commissioners for aid, his efforts bore fruit: the commissioners agreed to grant $75 toward the construction of a covered bridge near Mulls streamside house, and he agreed to provide the lumber needed to build the bridge. The design selected was known as the Town Lattice truss; composed of many small diagonal elements, the bridges framework appears to resemble a lattice because of the criss-crossing pattern in which the diagonal elements are attached. The structure itself is composed of the wood from Mull&#39;s sawmill, covered with wooden siding placed vertically to cover the sides; it has a metal roof, and the abutments are stone. Measuring 100 ft in length, the bridge was built as a single-span structure; at an unknown later date, a concrete support was added in the middle, converting it into a two-span bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>After more than a century of service, the Mull Covered Bridge closed on 2 August 1962 after a new concrete arch bridge was built to carry the local road that had formerly used the old bridge. Seeing the potential value of preserving the Mull Bridge, the Sandusky County Historical Society pressured the county commissioners to order its preservation; the request was successful, and the bridge was kept as a historic site. Twelve years later, the bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, because it was an example of historic methods of construction. At that time, it was one of just three covered bridges still standing in Ohios northwestern quarter, and one of just eleven Town Lattice Trusses statewide. Since then, the bridge has not been forgotten: it was renovated in 1990, re-renovated in 2015, and today it is part of Sandusky Countys park system. Now more than a century and a half old, it is one of Ohio&#39;s oldest extant covered bridges. No other covered bridges remain in Sandusky County, although six others — including a railroad bridge measuring nearly 1,100 ft that spanned the Sandusky River — were built and have been destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Overmyer–Waggoner–Roush Farm  is a historic farmstead on the southern edge of the village of Lindsey in the northwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Composed primarily of buildings constructed in the middle of the nineteenth century, it has been converted into a park and designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Active farmstead</h2><br>
<p>A family of Overmyers departed one of the German principalities to settle in Pennsylvania in 1751. One of the sons of this family, Phillip A. Overmyer, was born in 1823; after moving with his family to Washington Township in Sandusky County, Ohio at the age of ten, he married Margaret Waggoner in 1848, who had moved to the same vicinity in 1830. Besides farming, Phillip operated a sawmill and engaged in wagonmaking for many years. In 1862, the Overmyers erected a farmhouse on the present property; constructed of brick, it was built in the popular Greek Revival style of architecture. The family also arranged for the construction of barns and several other buildings on their property; seven historic buildings remain to the present day, including at least one that features elements of Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>By the beginning of the twentieth century, the Overmyer farm had passed into the ownership of a new family, the Roushes; this family owned the property and operated the farm for more than a century while transitioning from traditional draft animal power to modern mechanized equipment such as tractors. Before his 1999 death, family head Robert Roush operated the farm; his interests in conservation led him to attempt innovative techniques, such as establishing a tree farm and plowing his fields in circles to avoid damage to those fields.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion</h2><br>
<p>In 2004, Roberts widow Frances agreed to donate the farm to Sandusky County for conversion into a county park; besides the land and buildings, the donation included family journals and money to restore two dilapidated barns. Local officials welcomed the chance to convert the property into a park, due to its conservation potential. Among their premier interests was the tree farm: they saw it as significant because Roush had established it at a time when the typical Ohio farmer saw woodlots as nuisances that needed to be removed in order to make use of vacant land. This recognition was not the first that had been accorded to the farm: it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of its distinctive architecture — historians saw it as one of the areas best preserved nineteenth-century German family farms.</p><br>
<p>After the donation was made, the Sandusky County Park District announced plans to build a visitor center on the property and to convert farmland along Muddy Creek into wetland, as well as restoring the farm&#39;s barns. Plans were announced to begin a program of historic farming: a local antiquarian group made arrangements to begin farming parts of the property with early twentieth-century equipment and to use modern equipment on other parts, in order to demonstrate technological change over the century.</p><br>
<p>Presently measuring 310 acre, the site is in the process of being developed by the Park District to resemble a farm of the 1930s through the 1950s. Although access to the buildings is restricted, visitors are free to hike on marked trails. Other activities sponsored by the Park District at the site include skiing, geocaching, nature watching, and metal detecting.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the Park District removed thirty-one ash trees from the property that were expected to be devastated by the Emerald ash borer, like others in northwestern Ohio. After milling, the wood was used as replacement flooring in the barn.</p><br>
<p>Amrit or Amrith , also known as Marathos or Marathus , was an ancient Phoenician city located near Tartus in Syria. Founded in the third millennium BC and abandoned during the second century BC, the city&#39;s Phoenician ruins have been preserved in their entirety without extensive remodeling by later generations.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The city lies on the Mediterranean coast around 6 km south of modern-day Tartus. Two rivers cross the city: Nahr Amrit, near the main temple, and Nahr al-Kuble near the secondary temple, a fact that might be linked to the importance of water in the religious traditions in Amrit. It grew to be one of the wealthiest towns in the dominion of Arwad. The city surrendered, along with Arwad, to Alexander the Great in 333 BC. During Seleucid times the town, known as Marathus, was probably larger and more prosperous than Arwad. In 219 BC Amrit gained independence from Arwad, and was later sacked by forces from the latter city in 148 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>Excavations of the site principally began in 1860 by Ernest Renan. Excavations were again carried out in 1954 by French archaeologist Maurice Dunand. Ceramic ware finds at Amrit indicated the site had been inhabited as early as the third millennium BC. Middle and Late Bronze Age "silo tombs" were also excavated, with contents ranging from weapons to original human remains. Excavations at the necropolis south of the town yielded several tomb structures. The funeral art found in some tombs with pyramidal-or cube-shaped towers, is considered some of "the most notable grave-monuments of the Phoenician world." Excavations also uncovered the town&#39;s ancient harbor, and a U-shaped stadium that dates back to the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and measures around 230 m in length.</p><br>
<h3>Temples</h3><br>
<p>One of the most important excavations at Amrit was the Phoenician temple, commonly referred to the "ma&#39;abed," dedicated to the god Melqart of Tyre and Eshmun. The colonnaded temple, excavated between 1955 and 1957, consists of a large court cut out of rock measuring 47 xx and over 3 m deep, surrounded by a covered portico. In the center of the court a well-preserved cube-shaped cella stands. The open-air courtyard was filled with the waters of a local, traditionally sacred spring, a unique feature of this site. The temple—which was dated to the late 4th century BC, a period following the Persian expansion into Syria—shows major Achaemenid influence in its layout and decoration. According to Dutch archaeologist, Peter Akkermans, the temple is the "best-preserved monumental structure from the Phoenician homeland."</p><br>
<p>A second temple, described by visitors to the site in 1743 and 1860 and thought to have disappeared, was later discovered by the Syrian archaeological mission near the Nahr al-Kuble spring.</p><br>
<h3>Stadium</h3><br>
<p>About 200 m northeast of the main temples of ancient Marathos and 180 m north of the Amrit Tell are the remains of a rock-carved Phoenician stadium. It is separated from the other two archaeological sites by the Nahr al-Amrit and a site called by the locals al-Meqla (the quarry). The Stadium of Amrit was first described in 1745 by Richard Pococke in Part 2 of his book, A Description of the East, and Some Other Countries, as the site where an ancient Circus was held. Ernest Renan examined it in 1860 and discussed it in his book Mission de Phénicie, making the conclusion that the complex was not Roman in its entirety and that the stadium was undoubtedly Phoenician. The stadium is about 225 to 230 meters long and 30 to 40 meters wide, it has similar dimensions to the stadium of Olympia in Greece (213 × 31/32 meters). Seven rows of seats have been partially preserved. The stadium was open to the west and had two entrances on the east side between seats. In addition, there was a tunnel to the interior. The stadium is located approximately at a right angle to the main temple of Amrit, the Maabed. The temples to the north and west have open sides or which the stadium forms a common intersection. It is believed that the Amrit stadium was the location for sacred competitions where anointing and funeral games took place. Labib Boutros, former director of athletics at the American University of Beirut has conducted recent studies of the stadium and suggested that its construction may date back as far as 1500 BC, saying that the Amrit stadium was "devoted to sports in Phoenicia several centuries before the Olympic Games".</p><br>
<h3>Necropolis</h3><br>
<p>The Necropolis in the south of Amrit consists of underground burial chambers and two distinguishing burial towers called by the locals "al Maghazil" or The Spindles that stand up to 7.5 m high. The larger tower is composed of a square stone base with a slightly upward tapering cylindrical block with a base diameter of 3.7 m, rising to a pyramid as a top termination, which is badly damaged. The second is approximately 12 meters southeast and is not quite 7 m tall. At its base are three cylindrical parts whose diameters decrease and terminate in a dome. At the lower cylinder, to the corners of the square base plates, four lions decorate the building, which may not have been completed. Excavations of the burial chambers east of the towers has uncovered finds dated back as far as the 5th century BC. Plain limestone and clay sarcophagus were found arranged in cassette-like formation within the chambers. Other tombs are located south of the Nahr al-Qubli, the "al-Burǧ Bazzāq" or Worm tower, a phenomenal structure that was originally 19.50 meters high and the Hypogeum "Ḥaǧar al-Ḥublā" with three burial chambers, which were still used in Roman times.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Amrit was included on the 2004 and 2006 World Monuments Fund watch lists of endangered archaeological sites. The Fund called attention to the site&#39;s rapid deterioration due to vandalism and encroaching development. In 2006 a three-day workshop was organized with participation from the UNESCO, Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria and local administrators responsible for the sites of Amrit, Tartus and Arwad.</p><br>
<p>The Civic Center Historic District is located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It flanks both the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers and their confluence. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. It is part of The City Beautiful Movement and City Planning in Des Moines, Iowa 1892--1938 MPS.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The structures within the district were built between 1900 and 1938. The contributing properties include six public buildings and seven structures. The six buildings include the Armory and World War Memorial Building, the former Public Library of Des Moines, the former Post Office, Municipal Building, Municipal Court Building and the USA Court House. The seven contributing structures include the Center Street Dam, West River Front Park, East River Front Park, the River Walls, Scott Avenue Bridge and Dam, Court Avenue Bridge and the Riverside Drive Bridge. There are also five noncontributing structures which include the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Bridge, the Des Moines Union Railway Company Bridge, the Grand Avenue Bridge, the Locust Street Bridge and the Walnut Street Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The buildings in the Civic Center district were built along the river as part of the plans for riverfront development. Both the East and West Riverfront Parks are examples of the principles found in the City Beautiful Movement. The main facades of the municipal government buildings face the river itself while those of the federal government buildings face the street. Part of the planning included flood prevention from the flood-prone rivers as well as the way the Raccoon River flowed into the Des Moines River. There has been 11,617 linear feet of river walls built as part of the flood protection efforts. An intercepting sewer system to handle storm run-off is also a part of the river wall structure. Plans to construct the walls were completed in 1908. Construction of the walls, however, was not completed until 1938 as projects of the Civil Works Administration and the Works Project Administration.</p><br>
<p>When the Locust Street, Walnut Street, and Grand Avenue bridges were reconstructed in the late 1960s their original ornamentation was removed and the bridge decks rebuilt. Even though the original shape of the spans and piers remained, the loss of ornamentation significantly altered the bridges and they are no longer capable of contributing to the historic nature of the Civic Center district. The Court Avenue Bridge was reconstructed in the 1980s and its decorative elements were left in place. The railroad bridges have always been seen as intrusions in the district and it was suggested the railroad right of way be moved when the bridges were in need to significant repairs or replacement.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Five of the six buildings in the Civic Center Historic District were built between 1900 and 1928 (library, post office, municipal building, municipal court building, USA Courthouse) and are all designed in the Beaux-Arts style. They are further unified by the use of architectural elements such as the use of stone, rustication, full-height stone columns, balustrades, simple cornices and round-arched openings. The City Beautiful movement planned buildings that were intended to blend with each other and work as a unit rather than stand apart as a monument to an architects design. Inspiration for the district came from the White City of Chicagos 1893 Columbian Exposition, the École des Beaux-Arts, and European urban design in general on public building design. Even though it was designed in the Art Deco style, the Armory building blends in with the other buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>The river walls were designed to be both ornamental as well as functional. Built of concrete, they feature the balustrade motif that was utilized on the public buildings and the bridges. The Court Avenue Bridge also utilizes balustrades in its design as well as the rounded arch, which is also featured in the buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Scott Avenue Bridge over the Des Moines River and the Riverside Bridge over the Raccoon River are both open-spandrel reinforced concrete arch-type bridges. They are both located near the confluence of the two rivers. Both bridges were completed in 1937 and were funded through the Works Progress Administration.</p><br>
<p>The Scott Avenue Bridge also has a dam associated with it. It is a concrete overflow dam and was built at the same time as the bridge. The damn is eight bays across with an overflow section in the two end bays. It utilizes a gate structure of three small vertical slide gates. Both sanitary and storm sewer lines flow through the dam. It anchors the southern end of the historic district. Anchoring the northern end is the Center Street dam. It is also the terminal point for the river walls. Built in 1917, it is a concrete, multiple arch and buttress type dam. This dam features a free overflow section that is divided into eleven bays and a gate section composed of three vertical slide gates.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of Contributing Properties</h2><br>
<p>The College Corner Commercial Historic Business District, also known as the Highland Park Historic Business District at Euclid and Second, is located in the north-central section of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It is located in the Highland Park neighborhood that also includes the Highland Park Historic Business District at Euclid and Sixth Avenues. The College Corner historic district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name for the district reflect its proximity to Highland Park College, which later became Des Moines University after a merger with Des Moines College. The college was founded in 1889 just after the Highland Park Land Company opened up this section of Des Moines for residential development. The College Corner commercial district was associated with the college’s professors and students who in general lived nearby and patronized the establishments at the intersection of Second and Euclid Avenues. The establishments included a drug store, restaurants, cafes, a bookstore and a tea room. Until 1919 the post office went back and forth between this commercial district and the one at Sixth Avenue. An Odd Fellows hall was moved here in 1907. A bank opened in the district in the early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The college was closed in 1929 and the business district continued to serve the residents of the neighborhood. The extension of the Second Avenue street car line in the early 20th century helped develop and sustain the neighborhood. In 1954 the college campus was sold to a developer who built Park Fair Shopping Center on the site. It was Iowa&#39;s first enclosed shopping center. To an extent it drew customers away from the older business district.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The College Corner Commercial Historic Business District is composed of seven buildings and an empty lot. One the buildings, the Odd Fellows Hall, is three stories in height and stands at the corner of Second and Euclid. At the time it was built it was the tallest building in Des Moines outside of the central business district. There are four two-story commercial buildings and two one-story buildings. The buildings are constructed of brick with the exception of the building at 208 Euclid, which is the oldest and the last two-story frame commercial building in the district. The structures in the historic district were built from the early 1890s through 1952.</p><br>
<p>The three buildings constructed in the 1890s are two-story brick buildings that feature bold cornice lines, segmental arched window hoods and narrow window openings. The storefronts on these buildings have a recessed entrance in the center, a square-cut transom above the door and large display windows on the sides. Two buildings were constructed in the first decade of the 20th century. Their features are simpler than the older buildings. Their main features are a parapet wall of corbelled brick, wider window openings and round arched window hoods. A very simple one-story building was built in the 1920s. It employed metal window frames and has a wider storefront. The last building was a single-story bank building completed in 1952 and is an example of utilitarian construction methods, which were adapted to deal with post-World War II building material shortages. It is also one of the first drive-in businesses in Des Moines.</p><br>
<p>Sunset Point is a historic vacation estate on Catfish Lake in Eagle River, Wisconsin. Chicago gambler Mont Tennes bought land for the estate in 1921, and after several years of planning architects Rudolph Nedved and Elizabeth Kimball designed it in 1927. The French Normandy Style estate was built in 1928; a fire burned its main house shortly before completion, causing Tennes to order it to be rebuilt within the summer using fireproof construction. The Tennes family owned Sunset Point until 1951, when they gave the property to the Sisters of Mercy. The Sisters operated a camp and retreat at the site before selling the property in 1974. The estate was privately bought and converted back to a vacation home in 1987 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 4, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Jordan House is an historic building located in West Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was built by abolitionist James C. Jordan and was a station on the Underground Railroad in Iowa. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.</p><br>
<h2>James C. Jordan</h2><br>
<p>Jordan was a cattle farmer from Virginia, although the area is now in West Virginia, who settled in central Iowa in 1846. As a businessman he organized the State Bank of Des Moines and was involved in bringing the railroad to Des Moines. He platted Valley Junction and raised $70,000 to create a railhead there, which was also near his cattle operation. Today the area is the city of West Des Moines. As a civic leader he served on the Polk County Board of Supervisors, and was elected to both the Iowa Senate and the Iowa House of Representatives. While in the state legislature he led the effort to move the state capital from Iowa City to Des Moines. Jordan was married twice. He and his first wife Melinda had six children. After her death, he married Cynthia Adams and the family grew to eleven children.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Jordan’s first dwelling in Polk County was a lean-to tent that he replaced with a log cabin in 1848. Two years later construction started on the present house. They moved into the basement when it was completed. It was divided into a kitchen and a bed/sitting room. In 1851 the first phase of the upper floors was completed. The white frame house is two-stories tall. The first phase of the house featured an elegant entrance, two large rooms on the first floor and a walnut staircase that led to two large bedrooms on the second floor. The kitchen remained in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Before the American Civil War the house was a station on the Underground Railroad. Jordan, who was a staunch abolitionist, was considered the chief conductor in Polk County. John Brown stayed in the house at least two times, and one of those times he was leading 12 slaves to freedom. The house was also a place where travelers stopped on their journeys to the American West. It was also a gathering place for local businessmen and politicians.</p><br>
<p>The house was expanded in 1870. The addition provided space for another parlor, a dining room, library, and kitchen. Porches were added to the east and south sides of the house. A second entrance was also added with another black walnut staircase to the six additional bedrooms on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 Jordan’s daughter Eda was sliding down the banister when she fell off and broke her neck. She died two days later and the family said her ghost continued to inhabit the house.</p><br>
<p>The Jordan family continued to live in the house until 1947 when it was sold to the Church of the Nazarene who used the house as a part of their summer campground. The West Des Moines Historical Society bought the house in 1978. They renovated it as a period house and use it as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Southwest Fifth St. Bridge is an historic structure located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Built in 1898 after a controversy surrounding the bidding process, it is one of the last Pratt through truss bridges left in an urban setting in Iowa. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as a part of the Highway Bridges of Iowa MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was built amidst controversy in the late 19th century. The first controversy that the bridge faced was its placement. The bridge was first suggested in 1896. The aldermen on the west side of town wanted a bridge over the Raccoon River at Fifth Street. The aldermen on the east side thought that a bridge was needed over the Des Moines River at East Sixth Street to better serve that part of town. After some delay, the Fifth Street bridge was provided for with a Sixth Street bridge to be built the following year.</p><br>
<p>The second controversy, which ended up before the Iowa Supreme Court, had to do with the contract to build the bridge. J.H. Killmar won the contract with a low bid of $19,100. The other bidders charged that the specifications for the bridge were too general and Killmar’s plans were flawed. Killmar had underbid the bridge combine by $5,000. The combine, or pool, had been established by the bridge building industry to counteract the ruthless competition that occurred during the bidding process as the result of the economic depression from 1873 to 1879. Killmar had been given more detailed plans for the bridge, but the city council said the other companies would have been given those plans had they asked for them. The lower court agreed with the combine, but on October 20, 1897 the Iowa Supreme Court sided with Killmar saying the specifications the other companies were given were adequate and that the work was not let for too large a sum.</p><br>
<p>Killmar had planned to start construction in the fall of 1897, however, those plans had to be delayed because the steel for the piers and the superstructure had not arrived. The Des Moines Leader reported that the delay was due to the King Bridge Company who was responsible for supplying the steel and was one of the companies that was outbid for the contract to construct the bridge. King Bridge delayed work on the bridge until after the 60 days the plaintiffs had to demand a rehearing. Work was delayed until the spring of 1898 and the structure was completed on June 17, 1898. The bridge was used for vehicle traffic until 1993 when it was closed and was used after that as part of a recreational trail.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the bridge was up for demolition. Several neighborhood and city associations attempted to stop the demolition with no success by December 2013, but then they raised $2.3 million to stabilize and rebuild it, and the city of Des Moines agreed to pay the $750,000 it had planned to use for demolition toward the project, plus another $125,000 later on, as well as $500,000 from a state grant. The bridge was restored and reopened on Friday, November 11, 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Southwest Fifth Street Bridge is one of a few pinned Pratt through truss bridges with three or more spans left in the state of Iowa. It is also one of only three left in an urban setting in the state. The structure is composed of three six-panel, pin-connected steel Pratt through trusses. Each span is 135 ft for a total span length of 401 ft. The roadway is 30 ft wide. The steel structure rests on top of stone abutments and steel cylinder piers filled with concrete. The bridge was designed by L. Higgins, the Des Moines City Engineer, based on a bridge design fabricated by The King Bridge Company.</p><br>
<p>The John Wright Mansion is a historic farmhouse located east of Bellevue in northwestern Huron County, Ohio, United States. Built in 1881, it represents an unusual combination of location and architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>A native of England, John Wright settled in the United States in 1833, moving quickly to Huron County. Here, he quickly began to increase his wealth and buy real estate; when he finished buying land, he was in possession of approximately 2,500 acre. Besides buying land, he was prominent for his military service as a four-year veteran of the United States Army during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>When Wright decided to build the present house, he chose to employ the Second Empire style of architecture. This combination was quite unusual: Second Empire houses are found far more often in urban settings, and massive residences of the style are very rare on farmsteads in the region. this three-story house is topped with a mansard roof and prominent dormers; the front is symmetrical and ornamented with a bracketed porch in the Italianate style. Toward the rear, a wing as tall as the rest of the house extends southward; the interior is composed of a substantial ballroom and twenty-three other rooms.</p><br>
<p>In early 1974, the Wright Mansion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its distinctive historic architecture. Today, the mansion is part of Historic Lime Village, a volunteer-based organization that operates it as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>The Alfred Webb Investment Properties in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon consists of four Queen Anne cottages listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1891, they were added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Nearly identical in their floor plans, the single-family dwellings have brick foundations and full basements. External features include multiple gables, imbricated shingles, spindlework, and other decorative features associated with small, late 19th-century working-class houses built in the Queen Anne style. Each interior includes a foyer, living room, dining room, bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom, and features such as pocket doors. The dwellings, built on narrow lots, share a small back yard.</p><br>
<p>Webb, who owned Webb Safe and Lock Company, developed several residential properties in southeast Portland. He and his wife, Martha, who owned the four Queen Anne cottages from 1891 to 1928, lived elsewhere in the neighborhood and rented out the cottages. Subsequent owners through at least 1989 continued to maintain the dwellings as rental properties.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers and McKinley Memorial Parkways are a pair of historic brick streets in Fremont, Ohio, United States. Designed as small parkways, they were constructed in honor of Sandusky County&#39;s eighty-five soldiers who were killed in action during World War I. Unlike many similar streets in other cities, they were not built as centerpieces for grand city plans; instead, they were constructed to provide access to a subdivision that had recently been started.</p><br>
<p>Laid out in the form of a cross, the parkways run for four blocks with vegetation between the lanes for the two directions; they were completed in 1920 after a year of construction. Historic research has identified both streets as fine examples of the implementation of City Beautiful ideas in an extant city. Today, the parkways continue to provide access to a residential neighborhood; most of the houses that line the parkways are newer than the streets themselves, having been built primarily between 1930 and 1959.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the two parkways were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of their importance in community planning and in landscape architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Newell Falls is a waterfall on an unnamed stream that is located in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall is situated adjacent to the Waterfall Way between the town of and the locality of in Dorrigo National Park. The waterfall passes down the cliff side and under a single lane bridge before entering the Bellinger River at the bottom of the valley. People can also stop to view the waterfall at small rest area, around 50 m from the Newell Falls. Picnic tables, shelter sheds and bins are located at this site. There is also a near Newell Falls lookout into the Bellinger Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Waterfall Way often closes at Newell Falls in times of heavy rainfall and flooding as the road becomes a shower of water and visibility is significantly reduced.</p><br>
<p>Deep Creek Valley is a 35-mi  long valley located in southwest Tooele County at the Utah-Nevada border; the extreme south of the valley is in northwest Juab County. The valley parallels the west flank of the Deep Creek Range, both north-trending. In the north-northeast, its outlet widens into the southwest of the Great Salt Lake Desert region.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range turns southwest and west in the south, and encloses the higher altitude terrain of the valley; here, the Goshute Indian Reservation lies in the mountains and the Deep Creek Valley&#39;s south; the community of Goshute is adjacent the valley; the reservation also extends westward into Nevada, into the east of the Antelope Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Deep Creek Valley follows the drainage of the north-flowing Deep Creek. In the valleys southern half, from Ibapah, UT on Deep Creek, at the northwest of the Deep Creek Range, and south, (East Deep Creek), to Goshute in the mountains, nine canyons and washes feed the Deep Creek system from the Deep Creek Range. Hills west, about 7-9 mi of drainage, from Antelope Valleys east perimeter, washes flow east or northeast.</p><br>
<p>The Deep Creek Valley is narrow, only about 4 mi, but follows circuitous routes around small hills, as well as Gold Hill northeast, and the Ferber Hills, northwest on the Nevada-Utah border. On Deep Creek, at the south of these two hill regions, and with the northwest convergence of the Deep Creek Range, is White Sage Flat. Washes/ creeks converge here at the Flat, but Deep Creek continues on north-flowing.</p><br>
<p>The center of the valley is between White Sage Flat, and Ibapah, 40&deg;02&prime;12&Prime;N latitude, 113&deg;59&prime;07&Prime;W longitude to the south.</p><br>
<p>Dana is a small uninhabited island in Indonesia. It is also known by the names Pulau Dana, Ndana, Nieuw Eiland and Hokki. It is also a possible location for lord of the flies.</p><br>
<h2>Island of Spirits</h2><br>
<p>The island lies to southwest of Sawu Island in the Sabu Raijua Regency and 30 kilometers from Raijua island. The island is not visited throughout the year except on one annual pilgrimage by the Raijua elders and people per year. It is believed in the ancestral culture that it is inhabited by the spirits of their ancestors and that they should be respected and left in peace. The island is barred to all westerners and outsiders unless consulting with the elders first.</p><br>
<h2>Geography, Flora and Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The southern side is steep with cliffs and the water carries a heavy current and swells. The island is inhabited by goats, and sheep. This island is mostly a dead island, with very few human visitors.</p><br>
<p>Haikou Bay is a bay on the northern coast of Hainan Province, China, in the Qiongzhou Strait. It is named for Haikou City, which is situated on the coast.</p><br>
<p>This shallow bay spans approximately 12 km from its eastern boundary at the northwestern tip of Haidian Island to its western boundary roughly at Hainan International Convention And Exhibition Center.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Within the bay are the following from west to east:</p><br>
<p>Holiday Beach</p><br>
<p>Nanhai Pearl Artificial Island, an under-construction island owned by HNA Group off the coast of Holiday Beach</p><br>
<p>Haikou Xiuying Port</p><br>
<p>The northern edge of Haikou City</p><br>
<p>Evergreen Park, a large park on the coast</p><br>
<p>Mayard International Yacht Club</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the Haidian River</p><br>
<h2>Land reclamation</h2><br>
<p>Part of the western edge of Haidian Island is being extended in a major land reclamation project. Also, several new areas of land off the coast of Haikou are being created, including the Nanhai Pearl Artificial Island.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Mountains of Tooele County, Utah, USA, are a 45-mile  long mountain range located in the countys east, bordering east sections of the Great Salt Lake Desert on the ranges west and southwest flanks.</p><br>
<p>The range contains the Cedar Mountain Wilderness, and lies between Skull Valley on its east and southeast, and the Great Salt Lake Desert on its west and southwest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cedar Mountains contain a 30-mi (48 km) due-north trending north section, and a 15-mi (24 km) southeast trending section. The range is only moderate elevation 6000+ ft in the north, 5000+ ft in the southeast, but contains numerous springs on all its foothills.</p><br>
<p>Three mountain passes dissect the range. Hastings Pass and North Cedar Loop Road access an extreme north region. Rydalch Pass and Canyon are 4 mi north of the southeast section region; Six Horse Pass is at the bisection point, with unimproved access roads from the west flank, at the east Great Salt Lake Desert saltflats.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks and range center</h3><br>
<p>The highpoint of the range is Tabbys Peak at 6,921 ft, adjacent north of Rydalch Pass. White Rock at 5,693 ft is midpoint along the southeast mountain range section.</p><br>
<p>The midpoint of the entire range is near Quiney Spring on the range&#39;s west flank.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The north region of the Cedar Mountains can be accessed from Interstate 80 from Delle on the east, and Low and Aragonite on the west. For the north 30-mi section: from Aragonite, Hastings Pass Road accesses Hastings Pass; from Hastings Pass Road, Cedar Mountain Road follows the west perimeter foothills south to West Cedar Flats Road. South Valley Road from Skull Valley intersects after going over Rydalch Pass, Rydalch Canyon.</p><br>
<p>The south 15-mi section can be accessed from Dugway and south Skull Valley. Utah State Route 196 goes north from Dugway; S. Cedar Mountain Road follows the northeast foothills of the range, (Post Hollow Road exits west from Utah 196).</p><br>
<p>Lake Seminole is a freshwater lake in urban Pinellas County in the USA state of Florida. The lake is located in the city of Seminole, about 20 mi west of Tampa. Lake Seminole is the second largest lake in Pinellas County with a surface area of 700 acre.</p><br>
<p>Once a tidal estuary, Lake Seminole was created in the 1940s by closing the upper portion of Long Bayou. Lake Seminole&#39;s watershed is unusually small for a lake of its size, draining only approximately 5.5 miles of the county, in mostly developed Seminole and Largo. Historically The watershed was much larger than its current limits, but was altered in the early 1970s to divert runoff into Long Bayou for flood relief. Due to the low volume of water, and the nutrient and pollutant rich drainage from the urbanized area surrounding the lake, water quality has been a concern, with the county developing the Lake Seminole Watershed Management Plan to protect water quality and habitat.</p><br>
<p>On the east shore of Lake Seminole is Lake Seminole Park, a 250 acre county park that provides year-round public access to the lake. Popular activities on the lake include boating, jet skiing, water-skiing, and fishing. The park is also popular with families and nature enthusiasts, and includes a two-mile multi-use trail that winds through pine flat woods, a softball field, and volleyball courts.</p><br>
<p>The Goddard Bungalow Court Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The houses on Goddard Court were built in 1916. It is one of three "California bungalow court” developments in Des Moines. The other two are Lincoln Court, also built in 1916 and the Veneman&#39;s Bungalow Court Historic District, built from 1924 to 1926. Goddard Court was built just after the first such concept developed. When the court was built it consisted of eleven bungalows and one cottage that was already in existence. The cottage does not contribute to the historic nature of the district. They were built around a cul-de-sac that exited east onto 14th Street. No garages or driveways were part of the original concept, and today only four garages have been built in the years since. One of the bungalows was torn down in 1993 and the empty lot remains.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>There is a conscious arrangement to the bungalows in the district. The houses feature a double gable on the main façade of the structure. Each house has a mirror image twin that is positioned opposite or diagonal from it. Lot sizes and shape vary depending on where it is located on the cul-de-sac. The lot widths are between 40 and 45 feet, and lengths are between 70 and 147 feet. The bungalows feature frame structures built on brick foundations. The interiors contain five rooms, which includes two bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The Phi Pan Nam Range, also Pee Pan Nam,  is a 400 km long system of mountain ranges in the eastern half of the Thai highlands. It is mostly in Thailand, although a small section in the northeast is within Sainyabuli and Bokeo Provinces, Laos.</p><br>
<p>In Thailand the range extends mainly across Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lampang, Phrae, Nan, Uttaradit and Sukhothai Provinces, reaching Tak Province at its southwestern end. The population density of the area is relatively low. Only two sizable towns, Phayao and Phrae, are within the area of the mountain system and both have fewer than 20,000 inhabitants each. Larger towns, like Chiang Rai and Uttaradit, are near the limits of the Phi Pan Nam Range, in the north and in the south respectively.</p><br>
<p>Phahonyothin Road, part of the AH2 Highway system, crosses the Phi Pan Nam Range area from north to south, between Tak and Chiang Rai. There are two railway tunnels of the Northern Line across the Phi Pan Nam mountains. Both are on the south side of the range: the 130.2 m Huai Mae Lan Tunnel in Phrae Province and the 362.4 m Khao Phlueng Tunnel in Uttaradit and Phrae Provinces.</p><br>
<p>In the mountains north of Thoeng, at the northeast end of the range, Hmong people live in small villages such as Ban Saen Than Sai and Ban Phaya Phripak, the latter on top of a mountain pass.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Phi Pan Nam Range is composed of many smaller mountain chains roughly aligned in a north-south direction in its northern part and, further south, in a northeast-southwest direction. These ranges cover an extensive area and are often separated by intermontane basins or lowlands. They end in the west with the Khun Tan Range, in the east with the Luang Prabang Range, and with the Central Plain of Siam in the south. The northern tip is bound by the Mekong River.</p><br>
<p>There are columnar basalt formations in Mon Hin Kong (ม่อนหินกอง) in an area in the mountains near Na Phun, Wang Chin District, Phrae Province. In Phae Mueang Phi there are mushroom rocks and other bizarre rock formations caused by erosion.</p><br>
<h3>Sub-ranges</h3><br>
<p>The Phi Pan Nam range system is often divided in two physiographic longitudinal sections:</p><br>
<p>Western Phi Pan Nam Range (เทือกเขาผีปันน้ำตะวันตก) or Phi Pan Nam Range proper, located in the northwest between the Wang and Yom Rivers. Some scholarly works designate the Khun Tan Range as the "Western Phi Pan Nam Range" and this section therefore as the "Central Phi Pan Nam Range".</p><br>
<p>Eastern Phi Pan Nam Range (เทือกเขาผีปันน้ำตะวันออก), also known as Phlueng Range (ทิวเขาพลึง) in the southeast between the Yom and the Nan Rivers.</p><br>
<h4>Mountains</h4><br>
<p>The highest point is the impressive 1,694 m high summit known as Doi Luang. It is located in the northwestern area of the range near Phayao town, but there are a number of lesser mountains with the name Doi Luang throughout the range. Other noteworthy peaks are:</p><br>
<p>Doi Phu Langka (1,641 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Chi (1,638 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Mon at Phu Chi Fa (1,628 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Tang (1,608 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Cha Tong (1,603 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Ku (1,557 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Yao (1,543 m )</p><br>
<p>Doi Huai Nam Lao (1,544 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Nang (1,507 m)</p><br>
<p>Phu Chi Fa (1,442 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Luang, Mae Chai District (1,426 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Phu Kheng (1,403 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Luang, Ban Na Fai (1,396 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Khi Nok (1,365 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Luang Pae Mueang(1,328 m)</p><br>
<p>Khun Huai Han (1,303 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Phu Nang (1,202 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Nang (1,195 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Ian (1,178 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Khun Mae Loe (1,075 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Daeng (1,023 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Mon(1,013 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi San Klang (938 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Ngaem (867 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pui (843 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Kham, Thoeng District (823 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi San Pan Nam (773 m)</p><br>
<p>Mon Yao (751 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Yang Kham (727 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Pae Luang (651 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Huai Ha (590 m)</p><br>
<p>Doi Lan (559 m)</p><br>
<h3>Hydrography</h3><br>
<p>The Phi Pan Nam range of mountains is not as high as neighboring mountain systems. It is, however, significant from the hydrographic point of view. These mountains divide the Mekong from the Chao Phraya watershed and important rivers of Thailand have their source in the Phi Pan Nam area. Its name in Thai "ทิวเขาผีปันน้ำ" roughly means "the mountains of the spirits dividing the waters", spirits (ผี phi) here referring to ancient mountain deities of Thai folklore.</p><br>
<p>Among the Thai rivers that originate in the Phi Pan Nam Mountains the main ones are the Wang and Yom River, with their tributaries such as the Ngao, flowing towards the Chao Phraya. The Ing and the Lao, a tributary of the Kok River, flow northwards and are part of the Mekong basin. A great number of smaller rivers have their sources in mountains across the range.</p><br>
<p>The Sirikit Dam is at the southeastern edge of the Phi Pan Nam mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>There were formerly large teak forests in some areas of the range. However, at the beginning of the 20th century concessions were given to logging companies and the forest cover dwindled dramatically especially in lowland areas between ranges. Deforestation also has affected areas that were cleared for local agriculture. Often wildfires are deliberately set off by local farmers, as well as by speculators who hire people to set forests on fire in order to claim land title deeds for the areas that have become "degraded forest".</p><br>
<p>Owing to the relative isolation of the area there was Communist insurgency in the mountainous forests of the Phi Pan Nam Range during the Cold War. A memorialwas erected on 1,118 m high Doi Phaya Phipak (ดอยพญาพิภักดิ์) to commemorate the victims of the battles between troops of the Royal Thai Armed Forces and the insurgents of the Communist Party of Thailand between the 1950s and the 1970s. There is now a historical site and a forest park at Doi Phaya Phipak, also known as Phaya Phipak.</p><br>
<p>A controversial dam was planned in the central area of the range on the Yom River in Kaeng Suea Ten in 1991 but this project was later abandoned in the face of stiff popular opposition. The debate about the dam, however, resumed in 2011. Currently a proposal is being debated to build two smaller dams on the Yom River in the area instead of the Kaeng Suea Ten mega-dam.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Generally the forested areas of the Phi Pan Nam are known for their teak and bamboo forest. The mountain ranges are covered with tropical dry broadleaf forests, including sections of moist evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry deciduous forest, as well as hill evergreen forest at higher altitudes. There is great biodiversity in these mountains and their few unspoilt valleys, with a wide range of animal and plant species. The whole area of the range is part of the Central Indochina dry forests ecoregion.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of protected areas in the Phi Pan Nam mountains, mostly encompassing mountainous terrain. These are patchily distributed across the range, and the largest national parks are in its central part, roughly around Phayao town. Protected sectors are typically surrounded by agricultural zones, often near roads and villages and thus with vast surfaces under the influence of the edge effect.</p><br>
<p>Besides the national parks and wildlife reserves, there are the Huai Tak Teak Biosphere Reserve in Lampang Province and the Phu Langka Forest Park, located in Chiang Kham District and Pong District of Phrae Province. The main attractions of the forest park are Doi Hua Ling, Doi Phu Lang Ka and Doi Phu Nom; the latter is a breast-shaped hill rising in an area of grassland.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Formerly there were large extensions of teak (Tectona grandis) forests in the range, including the highly appreciated golden teak variety. These forests are now much reduced. Forest fires are common during the dry season.</p><br>
<p>Some of the other species of trees found in the forests of the mountains are: Afzelia xylocarpa, Ailanthus triphysa, Anisoptera costata, Artocarpus lacucha, Berrya ammonilla, Betula alnoides, Cinnamomum iners, Dalbergia oliveri, Dillenia pentagyna, Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, Dipterocarpus alatus, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Duabanga grandiflora, Garcinia indica, Hopea odorata, Irvingia malayana, Lagerstroemia loudonii, Lagerstroemia calyculata, Lagerstroemia tomentosa, Lithocarpus densiflorus, Mangifera caloneura, Michelia champaca, Michelia floribunda, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Schleichera oleosa, Terminalia bellirica, Toona ciliata, Vitex pinnata and Xylia xylocarpa.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The endangered animal species sheltered by some of the fragmented, although relatively undisturbed Phi Pan Nam forests are the fishing cat, sun bear, Asiatic black bear, Chinese pangolin, Indochinese tiger, sambar deer, gaur, Bengal slow loris, Sunda pangolin, as well as the Asiatic softshell turtle and the big-headed turtle.</p><br>
<p>There are also Asian elephants in their natural habitat in a few protected areas, such as in the Si Satchanalai National Park. Formerly there were also in the Wiang Ko Sai National Park but there have been no sightings in recent years.</p><br>
<p>The green peafowl, now rare in the wilderness and threatened by habitat destruction throughout Southeast Asia, breeds in the central mountains of the range from January to March.</p><br>
<p>Among the other animals, the Indian muntjac, Burmese hare, Indian hare, Indochinese flying squirrel, black giant squirrel, Java mouse-deer, jungle cat, mainland serow, masked palm civet, Asian palm civet, Malayan civet, bamboo rat and northern treeshrew, as well as the Bengal monitor deserve mention.</p><br>
<p>A variety of birds are found in the range such as the blue-winged siva, white-rumped shama, scaly-breasted munia, black bulbul, blue-throated barbet, pin-striped tit-babbler, blue-bearded bee-eater, crested kingfisher, sooty-headed bulbul, coppersmith barbet, great hornbill, chestnut-headed bee-eater and the red-billed blue magpie.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>Doi Chong National Park</p><br>
<p>Doi Luang National Park</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Khlong National Park</p><br>
<p>Doi Phu Nang National Park</p><br>
<p>Khun Sathan National Park</p><br>
<p>Lam Nam Kok National Park</p><br>
<p>Lam Nam Nan National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Phuem National Park</p><br>
<p>Mae Yom National Park</p><br>
<p>Nanthaburi National Park</p><br>
<p>Phu Sang National Park</p><br>
<p>Si Nan National Park</p><br>
<p>Si Satchanalai National Park</p><br>
<p>Tham Pha Thai National Park</p><br>
<p>Tham Sakoen National Park</p><br>
<p>Wiang Ko Sai National Park</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Chang Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Lam Nam Nan Phang Kha Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Nam Pat Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Wiang Lo Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<h2>Ranges and features of the system</h2><br>
<p>The B-71 radar station also known as Klamath River Radar Station, Crescent City Radar Station, Trinidad Radar Station was an Army Air Force early warning station in World War II. It is a rare survivor of a World War II early-warning radar station. It was constructed as a disguise to look like a farmhouse. To guard against potential invasions, the USA Army built "farm" buildings; the cinderblock structures, complete with shingled roofs, and fake windows and dormers, housed an early-warning radar station. From the air, the sea, and even the road, these buildings appeared to be part of a working farm. In fact, they housed a diesel generator, electronic equipment, and two 50-caliber anti-aircraft guns. This is one of 65 that were built all along the western coast of America during World War II. It is located on Coastal Dr. just south of the mouth of Klamath River.</p><br>
<p>The Song River is a river in Dehradun district that drains the central and eastern part of the Doon Valley. A tributary of Sooswa river, which in turn is a tributary of the Ganges, it originates as spring-fed stream in the southern slopes of the Mussoorie ridge of the Himalayan range and runs from Dhanaulti towards Narendra Nagar. As is common in hilly areas, there are several streams running south from the mountains that merge into one river that emerges from the hills a little after Shahastradhara.</p><br>
<p>Song is one of the largest rivers that drain the Doon Valley, and its tributaries includes, Kali Gad, Shahastradhara, Assan River and Rispana River.</p><br>
<h2>Shahastradhara</h2><br>
<p>It is a popular scenic spot for the locals, based on the banks of a tributary of the Song, the Kali Gad. It was more famous for its healing sulphur springs but is now more of a picnic spot with families crowding the waters in the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Kali Gad merges into the main Song river east of the Kalinga hill. After this confluence, the Song is a broad river valley, larger than its western counterpart - The Assan River. The river now flows through the valley in a south-eastern direction passing through the regions of Harrawala and Doiwala. It is a perennial river, however the water surges during the monsoon as can be seen from the bridge at Doiwala. The river proceeds southward till it merges with the Sooswa river.</p><br>
<p>The Sooswa inturn originates from the southern Shiwalik range separating the Doon valley from Saharanpur and Haridwar districts, collecting water from several small streams, including the once perennial Rispana. It flows westwards to Doiwala and can be seen through thick forest from the train running from Haridwar to Dehradun. The river then flows through the forest of Chilla before its confluence with the Ganga river at Raiwala.</p><br>
<p>The Mahnke House is an historical residential building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The house was built by prolific Des Moines builder Fred W. Weitz in 1909 in the Prairie School style. The exterior is covered in Flemish bond brick veneer. It features a hip roof, a single-story west side solarium, a rear porch and a flat-roofed centered front portico with a raised entrance and square paned window lights. George and Emma Mahnke owned the house between 1909 and 1952 when they transfered the property to the Des Moines Annual Conference of the Methodist Church. The house then became the residence of the organization&#39;s superintendents. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and it was included as a contributing property in the Ingersoll Place Plat Historic District in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Park Historic Business District at Euclid and Sixth Avenues is located in the north-central section of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It is located on the border of the Oak Park and Highland Park neighborhoods. The commercial historic district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998. The Highland Park neighborhood also includes the College Corner Commercial Historic Business District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Des Moines was growing in a northward direction in the late 19th century with the establishment of the city of North Des Moines. Developers extended that growth in the late 1880s by developing Oak Park and Highland Park across the Des Moines River. They built a bridge at Sixth Avenue, a zoo on the river lowlands and Highland Park College, a non-denominational institution. They also lobbied to have a streetcar built to their development. The river bridge made Sixth Avenue a major farm-to-city road when there were few bridges over the Des Moines River north of the city. The business district itself has the appearance of the downtown of a modest-sized Iowa town. It had banks, fraternal halls, a fire station, post office, local newspapers, department stores, a variety of retail stores as well as other businesses. Most of the business lived a rather short life, but a few lasted for a couple of generations. The first bank in Des Moines outside of downtown was located here. A street car line served the district and it was on a major farm-to-city road.</p><br>
<p>The historic district lies along Sixth Avenue, which is the north–south border of the Highland Park and Oak Park neighborhoods. Both neighborhoods are located on a plateau three miles north of downtown Des Moines. It is considered one of the highest spots in the city. “Highland Park” was chosen for the name of the historic district because it became the more dominant of the two neighborhoods starting in the early 20th century. From its very beginning the business district was organized under the title of Highland Park Business Men&#39;s Club. Most of the buildings in the historic district cluster at the intersection with Euclid Avenue. Only six of the properties are not oriented in some way on Sixth Avenue, which is the primary street in the district. All the buildings are brick commercial structures that were built from the early 1890s to just after World War II. The buildings built from the 1920s on were, for the most part, built along Euclid Avenue. Euclid was transformed from a residential street into a state highway at this time.</p><br>
<p>Highland Park is the largest neighborhood-centered commercial district in the Des Moines area. The district remains largely intact with only a few lots that are vacant. Two of the lots were the location of large frame commercial buildings, which had to be replaced. One lot is vacant while the other is occupied by an infill building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings in the historic district fall into three classifications. The older buildings, which were built between the early 1890s and 1907, are first generation brick buildings in the High Victorian style. They tend toward exaggerated ornamentation on the façade. The windows are narrower and feature window surrounds, narrow storefronts and either cast iron or stone storefront supports. The last buildings in this group replaced older structures that were destroyed in a fire in 1906. It was the only major fire in the district. Corbelled brickwork replaced the tin work, stone and terra cotta of the older buildings.</p><br>
<p>The second group of buildings was built between 1915 and the mid-1920s. The automobile was growing in importance and these buildings reflect that development. The design flow of the buildings is more horizontal and the window openings are broader and simpler. The decorative elements were constructed with stone or concrete inserts and string courses.</p><br>
<p>The last group was built between the late 1920s to the years right after World War II. The architecture is a continence of the second group and was influenced by the Modern architectural style. Ornamental materials utilized in the construction include glazed tile, Carrara glass, aluminum, and steel. The buildings in this latter group are all one-story, but one.</p><br>
<p>The Cotton House is a historic house located at 2640 South Webster Avenue within the Heritage Hill State Historical Park in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance on April 28, 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cotton House was built right around 1840, and was originally located at the corner of Beaupre and Webster Avenue. It was built by Judge Joseph Penn Arndt for John Cotton, whose family stayed in the house until 1893 when it was sold to J. W. Woodruff. Woodruff lived there until 1896, when he sold it to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay, who used it as an orphanage until 1933. In 1938, the Brown County Historical Society began moving the house to its current location. The house has served as a museum since 1941.</p><br>
<p>Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery is a cemetery for soldiers of the Confederate States of America located on the eastern side of Fayetteville in Washington County, Arkansas. Added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 1993, the cemetery encompasses 3.5 acre.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Many American Civil War battles were fought in northwest Arkansas, including the Battle of Cane Hill, Battle of Pea Ridge, Battle of Prairie Grove, and many small skirmishes such as the Action at Fayetteville. Initially scattered throughout Benton County and Washington County, efforts in 1878 by the Southern Memorial Association of Washington County succeeded in collecting the remains of fallen Confederate soldiers and burying them in the new Confederate cemetery. The Association paid for the remains to be moved and re-interred.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The hundreds of graves are arranged into tree-shaded rows surrounded by an 1885 wall of native stone. The cemetery also offers a view from the hill down onto Fayetteville. A monument was constructed around 1898 at the center of the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Wherry Block, also known as Wherrys Hall, Scruby Brothers Grocery, and Scrubys Grocery Store, is an historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1887 in what was then the suburb of North Des Moines by S.C. Wherry, a local contractor-builder. He built it as an investment and an income-producing property. It was the first of the commercial buildings built at this intersection, which was one of two commercial areas in North Des Moines. The two-story brick structure reflects the styling of the Late Victorian era with cast stone trim work, window hood molds on the second floor, and a pressed metal cornice. The commercial space on the main level has two storefronts, and four apartment units on the second floor. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. In 2005 the building was extensively renovated. A new building was constructed to the north of the old building. Its architectural style complements the older structure.</p><br>
<p>Holy Cross Church and Convent is a Roman Catholic church complex in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with six structures built from 1862 to 1932 in various architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>Currently, it is also a church school. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 28, 2001 for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>Holy Cross parish has roots going back to 1834, when Father Van den Broek established a chapel in the Bay Settlement area. Around 1852 Father Edward Daems bought land at the site of the current complex and the parish built a pine church building, which no longer exists. In 1862 the rectory was built next to the pine church. In 1868 a school was added, which no longer exists. Surviving buildings include:</p><br>
<p>The Holy Cross Church Rectory was built in 1862, a two-story cube with Italianate details, including a fine wooden bracketed cornice and a hipped roof. Walls are local limestone with quoins of cut stone. In 1900 a block of matching style and materials was added, probably as a kitchen. Another one-story addition was added around 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Old White Laundry is a simple one-story frame building built around 1870, on a stone foundation. The north-facing gable has an oculus window. The building is now used for storage and as a root cellar.</p><br>
<p>The bathhouse/outhouse, built around 1880 just south of the laundry, is a one-story cube with Italianate details matching the rectory. It is wooden, but the wood is scribed to look like limestone to match the rectory. Inside are two rooms. The front room was a washroom, and the back a privy.</p><br>
<p>The Sisters of St. Francis of the Holy Cross Convent consists of several sections. A frame convent was built in 1880 where the 1959 section now stands. In 1916, a two-story red brick building was added to the south of the 1880 section, designed by Foeller, Schober and Berners of Green Bay with Neo-Gothic details. It has a corner turret, a center bay, and a gable roof topped with a stone cross. In 1932 a three-story section was added to the north, designed by William E. Reynolds with Colonial Revival details. After a fire, in 1959 the original 1880 convent was replaced with a four-story brick section, joining the other two sections into a U-shaped floorplan.</p><br>
<p>The Rectory Garage was built in 1930, brick and stone in Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>The current Holy Cross Church was built in 1931 to replace the original 1852 pine church. It was designed by William E. Reynolds of Green Bay in Romanesque Revival style, with an exterior of brown brick. The main entrance is flanked by two square towers, with the left tower larger and holding the original 1852 bell. Inside, the nave has a barrel-vaulted ceiling supported by columns.</p><br>
<p>Lake Clearwater is in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand and is subjected to the strong prevailing northwesterly winds. The outlet feeds into the south branch of the Ashburton River / Hakatere. Located in the upper reaches of the Rangitata River a small village of holiday homes, also called Lake Clearwater, is located between Lake Clearwater and the smaller neighbour Lake Camp. The lake borders, and is proposed to be included in, the Hakatere Conservation Park which covers nearly 60,000 hectares of rugged mountain country, tussocklands, beech forest and sparkling clear rivers and lakes between the Rakaia and Rangitata Rivers. The lake has a submerged plant indicator rating of 48 . The Canterbury University Tramping Club selected this location for their annual T&#39;WALK event on 17 May 2014.</p><br>
<p>Road access to Lake Clearwater is approximately 38 km past Mount Somers and the last half is an unsealed gravel road. No dogs or motor powered craft are permitted on the lake as it is a wildlife reserve, however strong and consistent winds funnelled off the bounding mountains make it an ideal lake for windsurfing and kitesurfing. The adjacent, and smaller, Lake Camp is used by motor powered water craft.</p><br>
<h2>Great Crested Grebe</h2><br>
<p>The Great Crested Grebe found at Lake Clearwater is the reason for the reserve. It is also largest member of the grebe family found in the Old World, with some larger species residing in the Americas. They measure 46 – long with a 59 – wingspan and weigh 0.9 to 1.5 kg. It is an excellent swimmer and diver, and pursues its fish prey underwater. The adults are unmistakable in summer with head and neck decorations. In winter, this is whiter than most grebes, with white above the eye, and a pink bill. It is the largest European grebe. The young are distinctive because their heads are striped black and white. They lose these markings when they become adults. If you want to see the birds go for a paddle on a calm summer&#39;s morning and bring a camera for some great shots.</p><br>
<p>The Clover Valley of Nevada, is a 37-mile  long valley located in central-southeast Elko County. Wells, Nevada lies at its north end, on I-80.</p><br>
<p>Clover Valley lies at the east flank of the mostly north-trending East Humboldt Range, which supplies numerous creeks to the north valley; the mountain forests supplying the water are a section of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. A slough exists in the north which drains south to intermittent Snow Water Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Clover Valley trends north-south. The Wood Hills lie along the northeast and eastern edge, to the southeast of Wells; Spruce Mountain is south-southeast.</p><br>
<p>Dissected lowlands or flatlands surround Snow Water Lake, which lies near the valley&#39;s center, except on its west at the East Humboldt Range foothills bordering the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A station on the Western Pacific Railroad between Ventosa and Wells was named for a directional sign posted on the building pointing the way to the local bar. Crudely written it was read and assumed to be the location of TOBAR.</p><br>
<p>A post office established at the site as Clover City and changed to Tobar December 20, 1911 and renamed Clover City again December 11, 1918. Tobar again became active from January 18, 1921 until it was decommissioned September 17, 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>USA Route 93 extends through the valley&#39;s west from Wells, south to the south terminus of the East Humboldt Range, at Warm Creek Ranch; Route 93 continues southeasterly to Currie in Goshute Valley. From the west, Nevada State Route 229 from north Ruby Valley connects to US 93 south of Warm Creek Ranch.</p><br>
<p>In the northwest, south of Wells, Nevada 232 follows the foothills west of the Slough region, where about fifteen creeks descend from the East Humboldt Range. All other interior valley regions are accessed by unimproved roads. The north perimeter of the valley is approximately where Interstate 80 travels east from Wells.</p><br>
<p>Bishopstead was the residence of Episcopalian bishop Jackson Kemper. The house is located in Delafield, Wisconsin, and was built in 1846. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 1984, for its religious significance.</p><br>
<p>David Jackson Kemper was born in New York in 1789 and trained for the Episcopal ministry in Philadelphia. After ordination in 1811, he served as a missionary in then sparsely populated western Pennsylvania and Ohio for 20 years. In 1834 he was assigned to assess conditions at a mission school further west, in Green Bay. A year later, he was made the first "missionary bishop," and charged with organizing the church in Missouri and Indiana. In 1838, his mandate was expanded to include Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. Kemper traveled constantly through these half-settled areas. His tasks included organizing Episcopal congregations and finding clergymen to serve them.</p><br>
<p>In 1842 Kemper established Nashotah House near Delafield, which became the Episcopal Church&#39;s western seminary. He considered building a "rather grand" home for himself on Lake Nemahbin, but decided that was too financially risky, so instead in 1846 he bought a parcel two miles from Nashotah and began to expand an already-existing building into what would become his home, Bishopstead. His wife had died before he came west, but now he brought from the east to Wisconsin Territory his two sons, his daughter, and two unmarried sisters to live with him.</p><br>
<p>That pre-existing building was probably built around 1842. Kemper added to it by the winter of 1846 and continued adding over the years. Today the west wing is a two-story stone building with a chimney at each end of the roof - suggesting Federal style. Inside, the walls are mainly plaster and the flooring is pine. The east wing is a two story frame structure with Greek Revival stylings, and its parlor has French doors and a fireplace with a Gothic mantle. Kemper added other wings in his day.</p><br>
<p>Kemper&#39;s house was his home base as he organized the early Episcopal church in what would become states ranging from Indiana to Minnesota to Kansas. In 1859 he resigned from his post as missionary bishop, but he continued to live in this house, remained Bishop of Wisconsin, and stayed active in church affairs at the national level until he died in 1870.</p><br>
